The PHA can enhance various environmental indicators within the ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) framework. The supply chain plays a crucial role in implementing ESG criteria, with about 90% of a company's environmental impact stemming from it. Therefore, it is essential for companies to evaluate not only their practices but also those of their suppliers. Transparency in the supply chain allows for a comprehensive assessment of sustainability, encouraging companies to collaborate with suppliers who share similar values regarding social and environmental responsibility.
Companies adopting ESG practices focus on environmental sustainability by promoting biodiversity and minimizing carbon footprints throughout the production chain. Choosing PHAs can positively influence the environmental aspects related to the raw material supply chain.
PHAs are classified as biobased polymers (TUV certification) because they are produced by microorganisms that use organic carbon sources to synthesize these materials. This process directly integrates into the natural carbon cycle, which is crucial for maintaining the ecological balance of our planet.
The organic carbon sources used for PHA production often come from renewable raw materials, such as agricultural residues, biological industrial waste, or specific energy crops. These resources absorb CO₂ from the atmosphere during their growth through photosynthesis, meaning that each molecule of PHA begins its life actively contributing to the reduction of atmospheric CO₂.
By using renewable carbon sources like the mentioned organic substrates, PHA production minimizes dependence on fossil fuels, further reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with the extraction and processing of these non-renewable materials. This aspect emphasizes the importance of a circular economy, promoting the efficient use of natural resources.
After use, PHA products, when biodegraded, release the absorbed carbon in the form of CO₂ and methane in aerobic and anaerobic environments, respectively. These gases can subsequently be reused by microorganisms for new growth cycles, or CO₂ can be reabsorbed by plants, perpetuating the carbon cycle. Additionally, the released methane can be captured and used as a renewable energy source, further contributing to a reduction in carbon footprint.
